archaeology

/,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʤi/
Học thuật
Thân thiện
Definition
  1. Noun:
    • The scientific study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. It is a sub-discipline of anthropology focused on understanding past human societies by examining the material culture they left behind.
Usage
  • As a subject or field of study:
    • She decided to study archaeology at university.
    • Advances in archaeology have changed our understanding of ancient civilizations.
  • Referring to the practice or work involved:
    • The archaeology conducted at the site revealed a previously unknown settlement.
    • He has a career in maritime archaeology.
Examples
Advanced Usage
  • "Processual archaeology": A theoretical approach, also known as the "New Archaeology," that emphasizes the use of scientific methods and the search for general laws of cultural process.
    • Processual archaeology sought to make the field more rigorous and hypothesis-driven.
  • "Post-processual archaeology": A theoretical movement that critiques processual archaeology, emphasizing the role of human agency, symbolism, and interpretation.
    • Post-processual archaeology argues for multiple interpretations of the past.
Variants and Related Words
  • Archaeological (adj): Relating to archaeology.
    • The archaeological evidence was carefully cataloged.
  • Archaeologist (n): A person who studies archaeology.
    • The archaeologist led the dig at the ancient temple.
Synonyms
  • Prehistory: The period of human history before written records, often studied through archaeology.
  • Antiquarianism: An older, less scientific interest in ancient artifacts and monuments (note: this is a related but distinct concept).
Related Phrases
  • Field archaeology: The practical work of surveying and excavating archaeological sites.
    • He specializes in field archaeology in desert environments.
  • Rescue archaeology (or salvage archaeology): Archaeological work undertaken urgently ahead of construction or development to preserve information.
    • Rescue archaeology was conducted before the new highway was built.
Noun
  1. the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures

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