automatism

/ɔ:'tɔmətizm/

Thân thiện

A person's hand jerks upward in an automatism during a medical observation.

Definition

Noun: 1. A state or quality of being automatic; involuntary action: The performance of actions without conscious thought or intention, often as a mechanical response. 2. A psychological or medical condition: Specifically, behavior or muscular movement that occurs without conscious control, typically associated with certain neurological conditions or dissociative states.

Usage

• General/Technical: Used to describe involuntary physical movements or actions performed without conscious volition.
• Psychology/Psychiatry: Refers to dissociative behavior where a person acts without awareness, as seen in some mental disorders or states.
• Art/Literature: In surrealist theory, a method of creating art or writing by suppressing conscious control to access the unconscious mind.

Examples

• Medical Context:
  • The patient exhibited automatism, repeatedly buttoning and unbuttoning his shirt during the episode.
  • Psychomotor epilepsy can involve brief periods of automatism, like lip-smacking or fumbling.
• Psychological Context:
  • Under extreme stress, she experienced automatism, performing complex tasks with no later memory of them.
• Artistic Context:
  • The surrealist painter used automatism to create drawings directly from his subconscious.

Advanced Usage

• Legal Context: In criminal law, a defense claiming a person was not conscious of their actions due to an automatism (e.g., sleepwalking).
  • The defense argued the crime was committed during a state of automatism.
• Philosophical Context: Refers to the concept of mechanistic, unthinking behavior in contrast to deliberate action.
  • The philosopher debated whether such reflexes constituted true automatism or a simpler stimulus-response.

Variants and Related Words

• Automatic (adj): Operating by itself; done without thought.
  • Breathing is an automatic process.
• Automaton (n): A machine that operates by itself; (figuratively) a person who acts in a mechanical, unthinking way.
  • He worked like an automaton, devoid of emotion.

Synonyms

• Reflex: An involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
• Involuntary action: A movement or act not under conscious control.
• Mechanical response: A reaction performed in a routine, unthinking manner.

Antonyms

• Volition: The faculty or power of using one's will; conscious choice.
• Deliberate action: An act performed with careful thought and intention.

Idioms and Phrases

• On autopilot: (Informal idiom related to the concept) Behaving or performing tasks mechanically without conscious attention.
  • After years in the job, he did the morning routine on autopilot.

Học thuật

Noun

1. any reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy)