benign

/bi'nain/ Cách viết khác : (benignant) /bi'nignənt/

Thân thiện

A doctor explains that the patient's tumor is benign.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Kind and gentle in disposition or manner: Describes a person, their character, or their intentions as being mild, gracious, and not harmful.
   • Favorable, pleasant, or beneficial: Describes something, such as a climate, environment, or influence, that is mild and conducive to well-being.
   • Not harmful or malignant, especially in medicine: In a medical context, specifically describes a tumor or growth that is not cancerous, does not invade surrounding tissue, and is not life-threatening.

Usage and Examples

• Describing a person's nature:
  • She gave a benign smile to the nervous child.
  • The professor was known for his benign and patient demeanor.
• Describing a favorable environment or influence:
  • The island enjoys a benign climate year-round.
  • They grew up under the benign influence of a close-knit community.
• Describing a medical condition:
  • The biopsy results showed the lump was benign.
  • Fortunately, the tumor was benign and required only simple removal.

Advanced Usage

• "Benign neglect": A policy or attitude of deliberate non-intervention, often with the expectation that a situation will improve on its own.
  • The government's benign neglect of the emerging industry allowed it to innovate freely.
• Used in formal or technical writing to describe systems, forces, or processes that are not hostile or dangerous.
  • The spacecraft entered a benign orbital environment.

Variants and Related Words

• Benignly (adverb): In a kind, gentle, or favorable manner.
  • The old man nodded benignly at the children playing.
• Benignity (noun): The quality of being kind, gentle, or harmless.
  • Her actions were marked by great benignity.
• Benignant (adjective, less common): A synonym for "benign," especially in the sense of kind or gracious. (Note: This is a separate word, not a variant of "benign" itself).

Synonyms

• Kindly: Having, showing, or proceeding from a benevolent disposition.
• Gentle: Mild in temperament or behavior; not harsh or severe.
• Harmless: Not able or likely to cause harm.
• Non-malignant (medical): Not cancerous.

Antonyms

• Malignant (especially in medicine): Virulent, cancerous, or threatening to life.
• Malevolent: Having or showing a wish to do evil to others.
• Hostile: Unfriendly; antagonistic.
• Harmful: Causing or capable of causing harm.

Related Phrases and Idioms

• A benign presence: Someone or something whose influence is calming and positive.
  • The old oak tree was a benign presence in the village square.
• Benign by nature: Inherently gentle or harmless.
  • The animal, though large, was benign by nature.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. kindness of disposition or manner
   • the benign ruler of millions
   • benign intentions
2. pleasant and beneficial in nature or influence
   • a benign smile
   • the benign sky
   • the benign influence of pure air
3. not dangerous to health; not recurrent or progressive (especially of a tumor)

Từ đồng nghĩa

• benignant