callosotomy
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun: A surgical procedure that involves cutting the corpus callosum, the bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. This operation is performed to interrupt communication between the hemispheres, primarily as a treatment for severe and medication-resistant epilepsy.
Usage
The term is used in medical and neuroscientific contexts to describe a specific neurosurgical intervention. * The patient underwent a callosotomy to reduce the frequency and severity of generalized seizures. * Callosotomy is considered when antiepileptic drugs fail to control intractable seizures. * Studies on split-brain patients, who have had a callosotomy, have provided insights into hemispheric specialization.
Advanced Usage
- Complete vs. Partial Callosotomy: The procedure can involve severing the entire corpus callosum (complete) or only a portion of it (partial), such as the anterior two-thirds.
- A partial callosotomy may be performed to mitigate certain risks associated with the complete procedure.
Variants and Related Words
- Corpus Callosotomy: A full, synonymous term.
- Split-brain surgery: A more general, descriptive term for the procedure and its resulting condition.
- Callosectomy: A less common variant with the same meaning.
Synonyms
- Corpus callosotomy
- Split-brain surgery (contextual)
Related Phrases/Concepts
- Corpus callosum: The specific brain structure that is severed.
- Intractable epilepsy: The primary medical condition for which this is a treatment.
- Disconnection syndrome: A potential set of neurological effects following the surgery.
Noun
- severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)