chauvinism

/'ʃouvinizm/
Học thuật
Thân thiện
Definition
  1. Noun:
    • Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own group, cause, or gender: An attitude of superiority and often aggressive loyalty toward a group to which one belongs, often accompanied by contempt for other groups.
    • Specifically, belief in the superiority of one's own gender: Often used to denote an attitude of male superiority over females (male chauvinism).
Usage
  • The term describes an irrational and exaggerated form of loyalty or bias.
  • It is typically used in social, political, and gender contexts to criticize prejudiced attitudes.
  • It functions as an uncountable noun.
Examples
  • His chauvinism made it difficult for him to accept that a woman could be his boss.
  • The politician's speech was criticized for its nationalistic chauvinism.
  • We must combat all forms of chauvinism in our society.
Advanced Usage
  • "Male chauvinism": A specific, common phrase referring to the belief that men are superior to women.
    • The old-fashioned office culture was riddled with male chauvinism.
  • "Cultural chauvinism": The belief that one's own culture is superior to all others.
    • Their policy reflected a dangerous cultural chauvinism that dismissed foreign traditions.
Variants and Related Words
  • Chauvinist (noun): A person displaying chauvinism.
    • He was labeled a chauvinist for his outdated comments.
  • Chauvinistic (adjective): Characterized by chauvinism.
    • His chauvinistic attitudes are no longer tolerated.
Synonyms
  • Jingoism: Extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive foreign policy (similar to nationalistic chauvinism).
  • Sexism: Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex (closely related to male chauvinism).
  • Bigotry: Obstinate or intolerant devotion to one's own opinions and prejudices.
Idioms and Common Phrases
  • "To be accused of chauvinism": A common collocation indicating someone is charged with holding such biased views.
    • The manager was accused of chauvinism after promoting only men.
Noun
  1. activity indicative of belief in the superiority of men over women
  2. fanatical patriotism

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