collateral
/kɔ'lætərəl/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adjective:
- Situated or running side by side; parallel: Refers to things that are positioned next to each other or extend in the same direction without meeting.
- Accompanying or concomitant; secondary but related: Describes something that happens as a related but often unintended consequence of a primary action.
- Serving to support or corroborate; supplementary: Refers to evidence or information that provides additional support for a claim.
- Descended from a common ancestor but through a different line: Describes a familial relationship where individuals share a common ancestor but are not in a direct line of descent (e.g., siblings, cousins, aunts/uncles).
Noun:
- A security pledged for the repayment of a loan: An asset that a borrower offers to a lender to secure a loan. If the borrower fails to repay, the lender can seize the asset.
Usage Examples
Adjective:
- The farmer planted corn in the main field and wheat in the collateral field. (Describing something situated side-by-side).
- The surgery was successful, but the patient suffered collateral damage to a nearby nerve. (Describing an unintended, secondary effect).
- The witness provided collateral evidence that supported the defendant's alibi. (Describing supplementary supporting evidence).
- My cousins are considered collateral relatives, as we share grandparents but not parents. (Describing a non-direct familial line).
Noun:
- The bank required the business owner to put up his commercial property as collateral for the loan.
- She used her car as collateral to secure a small personal loan.
Advanced Usage
"Collateral consequence": A legal term for penalties or disabilities that are not part of a criminal sentence but result from a conviction (e.g., loss of voting rights, difficulty finding employment).
- His felony conviction carried the collateral consequence of being ineligible for certain professional licenses.
"Collateral circulation": A physiological term for the circulation of blood through nearby minor vessels when a major vessel is blocked.
- The patient's collateral circulation helped minimize heart damage after the artery was blocked.
Variants and Related Words
Collateralize (verb): To use an asset as collateral.
- The company chose to collateralize its factory to obtain financing.
Collaterally (adverb): In a collateral manner; indirectly.
- He was collaterally affected by the company's bankruptcy.
Synonyms
- Adjective (for "secondary"): Ancillary, supplementary, concomitant, incidental.
- Noun (for "security"): Guarantee, surety, pledge, bond.
Related Phrases
"Cross-collateralization": A financial practice where an asset used as collateral for one loan also serves as collateral for another loan.
- The cross-collateralization of his properties made the financial arrangement very complex.
"Collateral warranty": In law and construction, a warranty given by a contractor or consultant to a party with whom they have no direct contract.
- The subcontractor provided a collateral warranty to the building's future owners.
Related Idioms
- "As collateral": Used to describe the state of being offered as security.
- He left the family heirloom as collateral for the debt.
- "Collateral damage": A common idiom, especially in military contexts, referring to unintended injuries, deaths, or damage to civilians and civilian structures during warfare.
- The general expressed regret for the collateral damage caused by the airstrike.
Adjective
- situated or running side by side
- collateral ridges of mountains
- accompany, concomitant
- collateral target damage from a bombing run
- serving to support or corroborate
- collateral evidence
- descended from a common ancestor but through different lines
- cousins are collateral relatives
- an indirect descendant of the Stuarts
Noun
- a security pledged for the repayment of a loan