crusted

/'krʌstid/
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crusted

The old bread sat on the counter, its surface crusted and dry.

Definition

Adjective: 1. Having a hardened crust as a covering: Describes something covered with a hard outer layer or coating. 2. Old-fashioned, ingrained, or obstinate: Used figuratively to describe ideas, habits, or prejudices that are deeply established and resistant to change.

Usage and Examples

  • Literal Meaning (Covered with a crust):

    • The bread was left out and became dry and crusted.
    • They had to clean the crusted mud off their boots after the hike.
    • The wound had crusted over and was beginning to heal.

  • Figurative Meaning (Deeply ingrained):

    • He held crusted opinions that were unpopular with the younger generation.
    • The society was bound by crusted traditions.
    • It is difficult to change crusted habits.
Advanced Usage
  • "Crusted with": This common collocation specifies what the crust is made of.
    • The old pipes were crusted with mineral deposits.
    • Her eyes were crusted with sleep.
Variants and Related Words
  • Crust (noun): The hard outer part of bread or a similar layer on something.
    • He cut the crust off his sandwich.
  • Crust (verb): To cover or become covered with a crust.
    • The sugar will crust on top of the dessert as it cools.
  • Encrusted (adjective): Often used synonymously with "crusted," especially for decorative coverings.
    • A crown encrusted with jewels.
Synonyms
  • Caked: Covered with a thick or hard layer.
    • boots caked in mud
  • Encrusted: Covered with a hard decorative layer.
  • Ingrained: (For figurative use) Deeply established and difficult to change.
    • an ingrained belief
  • Inveterate: (For figurative use) Long-established and unlikely to change.
    • an inveterate smoker
Antonyms
  • Clean
  • Fresh
  • New
  • Modern (for figurative use)
  • Progressive (for figurative use)
Related Phrases and Idioms
  • Crusted over: The process of forming a hard surface layer.
    • After a few days, the paint had crusted over completely.
  • The upper crust: (Idiom, noun phrase) Refers to the highest social class.
    • She was born into the upper crust of society. (Note: This is a fixed idiom using "crust," not a direct use of "crusted").
crusted

The old bread sat on the counter, its surface crusted and dry.

Adjective
  1. having a hardened crust as a covering

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