Definition

1. Conjunction (Liên từ):
   • Even, to the point that, to such an extent that: Used to introduce a clause that expresses a surprising or extreme consequence, often to emphasize the degree or extent of the main action. It is a literary or somewhat archaic term.

Usage Examples

• Conjunction:
  • Anh ấy làm việc chăm chỉ, dĩ chí quên cả ăn. (He works so hard, even to the point of forgetting to eat.)
  • Cô ấy yêu thích âm nhạc, dĩ chí có thể nghe nhạc cả ngày. (She loves music so much that she could listen to it all day.)
  • Trời mưa rất to, dĩ chí đường phố ngập lụt. (It rained heavily, to the extent that the streets were flooded.)

Advanced Usage

• "dĩ chí là": An emphatic form meaning "even to the point of being".
  • Công việc này phức tạp, dĩ chí là những chuyên gia cũng gặp khó khăn. (This task is complex, even the experts find it difficult.)
• Used to connect two clauses where the second clause is a more extreme or unexpected result of the first.

Variants and Related Words

• Thậm chí (Conjunction): Even. This is the modern, more commonly used synonym for "dĩ chí".
  • Anh ấy không những không xin lỗi, thậm chí còn đổ lỗi cho tôi. (Not only did he not apologize, he even blamed me.)
• Đến nỗi (Conjunction): To the point that, so that. Another synonym with a similar function.
  • Tôi mệt đến nỗi không thể mở mắt ra nổi. (I was tired to the point that I couldn't even open my eyes.)

Synonyms

• Thậm chí: Even.
• Đến nỗi: To the extent that.
• Đến mức: To the degree/level that.

Notes on Usage

• "Dĩ chí" is considered literary and somewhat old-fashioned. In modern spoken and written Vietnamese, "thậm chí" is almost always preferred.
• It functions as a conjunction to link ideas, showing a progression to a more extreme or surprising case.
• It is not used to form phrasal verbs or idioms in modern Vietnamese.

1. (cũ) như thậm chí