de facto

/di:'fæktou/

Thân thiện

A de facto leader addresses the team in the conference room.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Existing or being true in fact or reality, regardless of official recognition or legal status. It describes situations, conditions, or relationships that are actual, even if not formally established by law or authority.

2. Adverb:

   • In reality or in fact; actually. It is used to describe the true nature of a situation, contrasting it with what is officially stated or legally recognized.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:

  • The country has a de facto leader, even though the official president holds little power.
  • After the old law was repealed, a de facto standard emerged from common practice.

• Adverb:

  • The treaty was, de facto, no longer observed by either nation.
  • He runs the department de facto, though his official title is only 'advisor'.

Advanced Usage

• De facto standard: A technical standard that has become widely accepted through common usage, market dominance, or custom, rather than through formal approval by a standards organization.

  • The QWERTY keyboard layout is a de facto standard for typewriters and computers.

• De facto relationship: A relationship where two people live together as a couple without being legally married.

  • Many countries now grant certain rights to partners in a de facto relationship.

Variants and Related Words

• De jure (adj., adv.): By right; according to law. This term is often used in contrast with .
  • The de jure government may have little control compared to the de facto rulers.

Synonyms

• Adjective: Actual, effective, existing, real.
• Adverb: Actually, effectively, in fact, in reality, in practice.

Related Phrases

• De facto segregation: Racial or social segregation that occurs in fact, often due to residential patterns or social custom, even where it is not required by law (de jure segregation).

  • Despite laws against discrimination, de facto segregation persists in many school districts.

• De facto monopoly: A situation where one company controls a market in practice, even if not officially designated as a monopoly.

  • The company's dominance gave it a de facto monopoly over the local internet service.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not
   • de facto segregation is as real as segregation imposed by law
   • a de facto state of war

Adverb

1. in reality or fact
   • the result was, de facto, a one-party system