decimation

/,desi'meiʃn/

Thân thiện

The plague brought decimation to the medieval village.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • The act of killing or destroying a large proportion of a group: Historically, this specifically referred to the Roman military punishment of executing one in every ten soldiers in a mutinous unit. In modern usage, it describes any severe, widespread destruction or drastic reduction.

Usage

• General Usage: Used to describe a catastrophic loss or reduction, often implying a systematic or widespread nature.
• Historical Context: Specifically refers to the Roman disciplinary practice.
• Modern/Figurative Context: Commonly used to describe severe losses in populations (human, animal, plant), resources, or abstract things like a workforce or budget.

Examples

• Noun:
  • The plague caused the decimation of the medieval European population.
  • The company's layoffs amounted to a decimation of its research department.
  • Historians wrote about the decimation of the legion as a brutal example of Roman discipline.

Advanced Usage

• "to suffer decimation": to experience a severe, large-scale reduction or destruction.
  • The coral reefs are suffering decimation due to rising sea temperatures.
• "the decimation of": a common collocation introducing the thing that is being severely reduced.
  • The report warned of the decimation of vital insect populations.

Variants and Related Words

• Decimate (verb): To kill, destroy, or remove a large proportion of something.
  • The storm decimated the coastal village.
• Decimator (noun): An agent or force that causes decimation.
  • The invasive beetle is a major decimator of ash trees.

Synonyms

• Annihilation: Complete destruction.
• Slaughter: The killing of many people or animals, often brutally.
• Devastation: Severe and widespread destruction.
• Extermination: Complete eradication or killing of a group.

Antonyms

• Preservation: The act of keeping something safe from harm or decay.
• Conservation: The protection and careful management of resources.
• Increase: The action of becoming greater in number or size.

Notes on Usage

• Etymology: The word originates from the Latin , meaning "to take a tenth," from (tenth).
• Common Error: In contemporary usage, "decimate" is often used to mean "destroy a large part of" rather than the strict historical meaning of "destroy one-tenth of." While some prescriptivists argue for the original meaning, the broader, more severe meaning is now standard in general English.

Học thuật

Noun

1. destroying or killing a large part of the population (literally every tenth person as chosen by lot)