enzyme

/'enzaim/

Thân thiện

A scientist adds an enzyme to a test tube in the laboratory.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A biological catalyst: An "enzyme" is a type of protein produced by living cells that acts as a catalyst to speed up a specific biochemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
   • A specific protein: "Enzyme" refers to any of numerous complex proteins that facilitate metabolic processes, such as digestion or DNA synthesis, by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction.

Examples of Usage

• Noun:
  • Digestive enzymes break down food in the stomach.
  • The enzyme amylase is crucial for converting starch into sugar.
  • Scientists are studying the enzyme's structure to understand its function.

Advanced Usage

• "Enzyme activity": Refers to the rate at which an enzyme catalyzes its specific reaction, which can be influenced by temperature and pH.
  • The enzyme activity decreases significantly in acidic conditions.
• "Enzyme inhibition": The process by which a molecule decreases or stops an enzyme's activity.
  • Competitive inhibition occurs when a molecule blocks the enzyme's active site.

Variants and Related Words

• Enzymatic (adj): Relating to or involving enzymes.
  • The enzymatic reaction was complete within minutes.
• Coenzyme (n): A non-protein organic molecule that assists an enzyme in its catalytic function.
  • Many vitamins act as coenzymes in metabolic pathways.

Synonyms

• Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
• Biocatalyst: A biological substance (like an enzyme) that acts as a catalyst.

Related Phrases

• Enzyme-linked: Describes a compound or process that uses an enzyme as a marker or component.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common laboratory test.
• Restriction enzyme: A specific type of enzyme that cuts DNA at particular sequences.
  • Restriction enzymes are essential tools in genetic engineering.

Related Idioms

(Note: As a precise scientific term, "enzyme" is not commonly used in idiomatic expressions. Its usage is primarily technical.)

Học thuật

Noun

1. any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions