coenzyme
Definition
- Noun:
- A small organic molecule that is necessary for the functioning of certain enzymes: A coenzyme is a non-protein compound, often derived from a vitamin, that binds to an enzyme and is essential for its catalytic activity. It acts as a carrier of specific atoms or functional groups during the biochemical reactions catalyzed by the enzyme.
Examples of Usage
- Noun:
- NAD+ is a vital coenzyme involved in cellular respiration.
- Many B vitamins function as precursors for important coenzymes in metabolism.
- The enzyme's activity was lost when the coenzyme was removed from the solution.
Advanced Usage
- "Coenzyme Q10": A specific, well-known coenzyme involved in energy production within cells and also acting as an antioxidant.
- Some people take coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement.
Variants and Related Words
- Coenzymatic (adj): Relating to or involving a coenzyme.
- The coenzymatic reaction was studied in detail.
- Apoenzyme (n): The protein part of an enzyme that requires a coenzyme to become active.
- The apoenzyme is inactive without its coenzyme.
Synonyms
- Cofactor: A broader term that includes both inorganic molecules and organic coenzymes required for enzyme activity.
- Prosthetic group: A coenzyme or other molecule that is tightly and permanently bound to an enzyme.
Related Phrases and Concepts
- Coenzyme A (CoA): A crucial coenzyme in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.
- Acetyl-CoA, a molecule formed from coenzyme A, is central to metabolism.
- Electron carrier: A descriptive term for coenzymes like NAD+ and FAD that transfer electrons in metabolic pathways.
- These coenzymes serve as electron carriers in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
Noun
-
a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes
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