expectoration

/eks,pektə'reiʃn/

Thân thiện

The patient covers his mouth during expectoration.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • The act of expelling phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs by coughing or spitting: The forceful ejection of material from the respiratory tract.
   • The matter that is expelled: The phlegm or sputum itself that is coughed up and spat out.

Usage and Examples

• Referring to the action:

  • The doctor advised that proper expectoration helps clear the airways during a chest infection.
  • Coughing is a reflex that aids in expectoration.

• Referring to the expelled matter:

  • The nurse examined the patient's expectoration for signs of infection.
  • The color and consistency of the expectoration can indicate the type of illness.

Advanced Usage

• Medical Context: In clinical settings, "expectoration" is a formal term used to describe both the process and the product of clearing secretions from the lungs and bronchi.
  • The sample of expectoration was sent to the lab for culture.
• Pharmacology: Medications designed to aid this process are called expectorants.
  • This syrup is an expectorant, meant to loosen phlegm and ease expectoration.

Variants and Related Words

• Expectorate (verb): To cough up and spit out phlegm from the throat or lungs.
  • Patients with bronchitis are encouraged to expectorate mucus rather than swallow it.
• Expectorant (noun/adjective): (A substance) aiding in the expulsion of phlegm.
  • Guaifenesin is a common expectorant found in cough medicines.

Synonyms

• Spitting (though less specific, as it can refer to saliva only).
• Sputum (specifically for the matter expelled).
• Phlegm (the thick mucus, especially when abnormally produced).

Notes on Meaning

• Expectoration specifically involves material from the lower respiratory tract (lungs, bronchi), not just saliva from the mouth. Simple spitting of saliva is not typically referred to as expectoration in precise usage.
• The term carries a clinical or formal tone and is less common in everyday conversation, where phrases like "coughing up phlegm" are used instead.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the act of spitting (forcefully expelling saliva)
2. the process of coughing up and spitting out

Từ đồng nghĩa

• spit
• spitting