externality

/,ekstə:'næliti/
Học thuật
Thân thiện
Definition
  1. Noun:
    • The quality or state of being external or outward: The condition of existing, acting, or originating from the outside.
    • Something that is external: An outward aspect or feature.
    • (Economics) A consequence of an industrial or commercial activity which affects other parties without this being reflected in market prices: A cost or benefit that is not borne by the parties directly involved in a transaction.
Usage Examples
  • Noun (General):
    • The externality of the building's design made it blend poorly with the historic neighborhood.
    • Philosophers sometimes debate the externality of the mind versus internal consciousness.
  • Noun (Economics):
    • Pollution is a classic example of a negative externality imposed on society by a factory.
    • A well-educated workforce can be a positive externality for a community, benefiting businesses that did not pay for the education.
Advanced Usage
  • "Internalizing an externality": An economic process of making a party bear the full cost or benefit of its actions, often through taxes, subsidies, or regulations.
    • A carbon tax aims to internalize the negative externality of greenhouse gas emissions.
  • "Network externality": A situation where the value of a product or service increases as more people use it.
    • Social media platforms benefit from strong network externalities.
Variants and Related Words
  • External (adj): Belonging to, situated on, or relating to the outside.
    • External factors influenced the decision.
  • Externalize (verb): To give external existence or form to; (in economics) to shift a cost to others.
    • The company tried to externalize its waste disposal costs.
Synonyms
  • Outwardness: The quality of being directed toward or concerned with the outside.
  • Externality (Economics): Spillover effect, third-party effect.
Related Phrases
  • "Positive externality": A beneficial effect experienced by unrelated third parties.
    • Beekeeping provides a positive externality for nearby orchards through pollination.
  • "Negative externality": A detrimental effect imposed on unrelated third parties.
    • Noise from an airport is a negative externality for local residents.
Noun
  1. the quality or state of being outside or directed toward or relating to the outside or exterior
    • the outwardness of the world

Từ đồng nghĩa

Từ trái nghĩa