extinguished
Definition
- Adjective:
- Put out, quenched: Refers to something that has been caused to stop burning or shining.
- Brought to an end, eliminated: Describes something that has been terminated, destroyed, or made obsolete.
Usage
- The primary use of "extinguished" is as an adjective describing the state of something that has been actively put out or ended.
- It is often used with things that can burn (like fires, lights, flames) or with abstract concepts like hopes, rights, or species.
- It is the past participle form of the verb "extinguish" and is commonly used in passive constructions.
Examples
- Literal (Fire/Light):
- The firefighters arrived and the blaze was quickly extinguished.
- She extinguished the candle before going to sleep. (Here, "extinguished" is the past tense verb form.)
- Figurative (Abstract Concepts):
- His hopes of winning were extinguished by the final score.
- The new law extinguished their traditional rights. (Here, "extinguished" is the past tense verb form.)
Advanced Usage
- In Psychology (Conditioning): Refers to a conditioned response that has been caused to die out due to the absence of reinforcement.
- After repeated trials without a reward, the salivation response in the dog was extinguished.
- In Law: Can describe rights or claims that have been nullified or made void.
- The treaty extinguished all prior territorial claims.
Variants and Related Words
- Extinguish (verb): To cause to cease burning; to put an end to; to nullify.
- They worked to extinguish the forest fire.
- Extinguishable (adjective): Capable of being extinguished.
- Extinguisher (noun): A device for putting out fires, like a fire extinguisher.
- Unextinguished (adjective): Not put out or ended.
- His unextinguished passion drove him forward.
Synonyms
- Quenched: Put out (a fire); satisfied (a thirst).
- Doused: Pour a liquid over; extinguish (a fire).
- Suppressed: Forcibly put an end to.
- Annihilated: Completely destroyed.
Antonyms
- Ignited: Set on fire.
- Kindled: Lighted; inspired.
- Fueled: Added fuel to; stimulated.
Related Phrases/Idioms
- To extinguish a debt: To pay off a debt completely, eliminating it.
- He sold the property to extinguish his debts.
- To have one's hopes extinguished: To have one's hopes completely dashed or destroyed.
- The failed experiment had her scientific hopes extinguished.
Adjective
-
of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement
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