extraneous

/eks'treinjəs/

Thân thiện

The editor removed the extraneous paragraph from the article.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Coming from the outside; external: "Extraneous" describes something that originates from or exists outside of a specific system, group, or subject.
   • Not belonging to that in which it is contained; introduced from an outside source: It refers to an element that is foreign or alien to the main body or substance.
   • Not essential; irrelevant: It describes something that is not pertinent, necessary, or connected to the matter under consideration.

Examples of Usage

• Adjective:
  • Extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph. (Light from an external source ruined the picture.)
  • The report was cluttered with extraneous details that confused the main issue. (The report included irrelevant information.)
  • Water free of extraneous matter is essential for the experiment. (Water without foreign substances is required.)

Advanced Usage

• "Extraneous to": Used to explicitly state that something is irrelevant or unrelated to a specific topic or context.
  • His comments about the budget were extraneous to the discussion on marketing strategy.
• In a formal or academic context: Often used to critique arguments or data by pointing out irrelevant factors.
  • The researcher was careful to eliminate extraneous variables from the study.

Variants and Related Words

• Extraneously (adverb): In an extraneous manner.
  • The information was extraneously added to the document.
• Extraneousness (noun): The quality or state of being extraneous.
  • The extraneousness of the evidence led the judge to dismiss it.

Synonyms

• Irrelevant: Not connected with or relevant to something.
• Immaterial: Unimportant under the circumstances; irrelevant.
• Peripheral: Of secondary or minor importance; marginal.
• Foreign: Of external origin; not belonging.
• Nonessential: Not absolutely necessary.

Antonyms

• Relevant: Closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand.
• Essential: Absolutely necessary; extremely important.
• Integral: Necessary to make a whole complete; fundamental.
• Germane: Relevant to a subject under consideration.

Related Phrases and Usage Notes

• Extraneous factor/variable: A factor in an experiment or situation that is not the one being studied but could affect the results.
  • We controlled for extraneous factors to ensure the validity of our findings.
• Extraneous noise: Unwanted sound from an external source.
  • The recording was ruined by extraneous noise from the street.
• Extraneous information: Data or details that are not pertinent to the core topic.
  • Please avoid including extraneous information in your summary.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. coming from the outside
   • extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph
   • relying upon an extraneous income
   • disdaining outside pressure groups
2. not belonging to that in which it is contained; introduced from an outside source
   • water free of extraneous matter
   • foreign particles in milk
3. not essential
   • the ballet struck me as extraneous and somewhat out of keeping with the rest of the play
4. not pertinent to the matter under consideration
   • an issue extraneous to the debate
   • the price was immaterial
   • mentioned several impertinent facts before finally coming to the point

Từ đồng nghĩa

• external
• outside
• foreign
• immaterial
• impertinent
• orthogonal