fibril

/'faibril/

Thân thiện

A single fibril is visible under the microscope.

Definition

Noun: 1. A very slender, thread-like fiber, either natural or synthetic: A fibril is an extremely fine, often microscopic, filament or strand that is a structural component of larger fibers or biological tissues. 2. (Biology) A small or secondary fiber, especially one of the minute threads composing a larger fiber or cell structure: In biological contexts, a fibril refers to a tiny filament that aggregates to form structures like muscle fibers, connective tissue (collagen fibrils), or nerve fibers.

Usage and Examples

• General/Material Science:
  • Under the microscope, a single fibril of spider silk can be seen twisting with others to form the incredibly strong dragline.
  • The synthetic polymer was engineered to align its fibrils, enhancing its tensile strength.
• Biology/Anatomy:
  • Collagen, a key protein in skin and bones, is organized into triple-helix fibrils.
  • Damage to the nerve fibrils can disrupt the transmission of signals.
  • The contractile unit of a muscle cell, the myofibril, is itself composed of smaller actin and myosin fibrils.

Advanced Usage and Context

• "Fibrillar" (Adjective): Having the form or characteristics of fibrils; composed of fibrils.
  • The researcher studied the fibrillar structure of the amyloid plaques found in the brain tissue.
• In plant biology, a fibril can refer to a minute root hair.
• In nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes are sometimes described as having a fibrillar morphology.

Variants and Related Words

• Fibrillar (adj.): Relating to or resembling a fibril.
• Fibrillate (v.): To undergo or cause to undergo fibrillation, such as when a muscle or heart muscle contracts rapidly and irregularly.
• Fibrillation (n.): The rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers, most commonly used in the context of cardiac arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation).
• Microfibril (n.): A very fine fibril, typically one that is a subunit of a larger fibrillar structure, such as in cellulose or elastin.
• Myofibril (n.): A long, cylindrical organelle in muscle cells composed of repeating sarcomeres and responsible for contraction.

Synonyms

• Filament: A slender thread-like object or fiber, often used interchangeably, though "filament" can be broader.
• Strand: A single thin length of fiber, thread, or wire.
• Thread: A fine cord of fibrous material.
• Fiber (Fibre): A general term for a thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed. A fibril is a component of a fiber.

Notes on Meaning

• The core meaning of fibril centers on its minute scale and its role as a constituent part. It is almost always a component of a larger fibrous structure, not typically a standalone, macroscopic thread.
• While "fiber" can be used broadly (e.g., dietary fiber, optical fiber), fibril is a more specific, scientific term denoting the fundamental, sub-microscopic building block of many natural and synthetic fibers.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a very slender natural or synthetic fiber

Từ đồng nghĩa

• filament
• strand