formalism

/'fɔ:məlizm/

Thân thiện

A student carefully follows the formalism of a scientific lab report.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • Strict adherence to prescribed forms: The practice of giving excessive attention to outward forms, rules, or ceremonies, often at the expense of inner meaning or content.
   • A philosophical theory: The doctrine that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no intrinsic meaning; their value lies in the structure and manipulation of their symbols as physical entities.
   • An artistic or critical doctrine: The theory that the formal structure of a work of art (e.g., its lines, shapes, composition) is more important than its representational content.

Usage

• Formalism is often used in discussions about art, literature, law, religion, and philosophy.
• It can have a neutral descriptive meaning or a negative connotation implying empty ritualism.
• In academic contexts, it specifies a particular theoretical approach.

Examples

• In general/critical usage:
  • The bureaucracy's formalism created delays, as officials cared more about completing forms correctly than solving the problem.
  • The critic was accused of formalism for analyzing only the poem's meter and rhyme scheme while ignoring its themes.
• In philosophy/mathematics:
  • Hilbert's program in mathematics was a type of formalism, treating mathematical statements as strings of symbols manipulated by rules.
• In art:
  • Russian Formalism was a school of literary theory that focused on the linguistic devices used in texts.

Advanced Usage

• Legal Formalism: The concept that judges apply the law by strictly following logical deductions from legal rules and precedents, without considering social or economic factors.
  • The court's decision was criticized as an example of rigid legal formalism.
• Religious Formalism: Emphasis on the correct performance of rituals over personal faith or spirituality.
  • The prophet condemned the formalism of the temple practices.

Variants and Related Words

• Formalist (noun): A person who adheres to or advocates formalism.
  • He was a formalist who believed the sonnet's structure was its primary virtue.
• Formalistic (adjective): Characterized by formalism.
  • The process was formalistic and inefficient.

Synonyms

• Ritualism: Excessive adherence to ritual.
• Pedantry: Overemphasis on formal rules and minute details.
• Conventionalism: Adherence to conventional forms.

Antonyms

• Informality: Lack of strict adherence to forms.
• Realism (in art/philosophy): Concern with representing reality or practical considerations over form.
• Expressivism: Emphasis on personal expression over formal structure.

Related Idioms/Phrases

• Form over substance: A phrase capturing the essence of formalism's potential criticism, prioritizing appearance or procedure over meaning or reality.
  • The policy was criticized for putting form over substance.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the practice of scrupulous adherence to prescribed or external forms
2. (philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications
3. the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented