Definition

Noun: 1. A long, loose coat or frock, typically reaching to the ankles: A gaberdine is a type of long, loose-fitting outer garment, historically worn as a simple coat or smock. 2. A long, loose garment worn by Jewish people in medieval Europe: Historically, a gaberdine refers to a specific long, loose gown or cloak that Jewish people were sometimes required to wear for identification.

Examples

• Noun:
  • The pilgrim wore a simple gaberdine of coarse wool.
  • Historical statutes sometimes mandated that Jewish men wear a distinctive gaberdine.

Advanced Usage

• Historical Context: The term is most commonly used in historical or literary contexts to describe medieval or early modern clothing, particularly when referring to the garment associated with Jewish dress codes of the period.
• Literary Reference: The word is famously used by Shakespeare. In , Shylock says, "You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, / And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine..."

Variants and Related Words

• Gabardine (noun): This is the more common modern spelling, but it primarily refers to a firm, tightly woven fabric (often used in raincoats and suits) or a coat made from this fabric, not the historical loose gown. The two words share an origin but have distinct modern meanings.

Synonyms

• Smock: A loose, shirt-like garment, often worn to protect one's clothes.
• Frock: A loose, lightweight outer garment; a dress or gown.
• Cloak: A long, loose outer garment without sleeves, typically fastening at the neck.
• Robe: A long, loose outer garment.

Notes on Meaning

The two definitions are closely related historically. The first definition describes the general form of the garment (a long, loose coat). The second definition specifies its most famous historical use and context. In modern usage, the term is largely archaic and is encountered primarily in historical texts or discussions of historical dress.

Noun

1. a loose coverall (coat or frock) reaching down to the ankles