hà lạm

Thân thiện

Definition

1. Verb (archaic; obsolete):
   • To misappropriate, to embezzle: To abuse one's power or position to steal or misuse public funds or property for personal gain.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Quan lại tham nhũng bị cáo buộc hà lạm công quỹ. (Corrupt officials were accused of misappropriating public funds.)
  • Hành vi hà lạm của viên chức đó cuối cùng đã bị phát hiện. (That official's act of embezzlement was finally discovered.)

Advanced Usage

• This term is classified as archaic and is rarely used in modern Vietnamese. It primarily appears in historical or legal texts discussing past corruption.
• It implies a specific abuse of official power for theft, not just general corruption.

Variants and Related Words

• Tham nhũng (verb/noun): To be corrupt / corruption. This is the modern, general term for corruption, which encompasses a wider range of abuses than .
• Biển thủ (verb): To embezzle, to peculate. A more contemporary legal term for misappropriating funds, often used in modern contexts.
• Lạm dụng (verb): To abuse, to misuse. A broader term for abuse of power or position, not necessarily for financial gain.

Synonyms

• Biển thủ: To embezzle.
• Tham ô: To embezzle, to misappropriate (another term for corruption involving assets).

Notes on Meaning

• The core meaning of hà lạm is the act of an official using their authority to pilfer or embezzle. The reference definition "abuser de son pouvoir pour piller" (to abuse one's power to pillage) captures this sense of predatory theft by an authority figure.
• It is important to distinguish this from simple theft (); inherently involves a breach of public trust in an official capacity.

Học thuật

1. (từ cũ; nghĩa cũ) Misappropriate