Definition

1. Noun:
   • An ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good: A philosophical doctrine or ethical theory that holds pleasure or happiness is the sole or primary intrinsic good and the proper aim of human life.
   • The pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses: A way of life or personal conduct characterized by the constant seeking of pleasure and self-gratification.

Examples of Usage

• Noun:
  • Ancient Greek philosophy included schools of thought that advocated for hedonism.
  • His lifestyle of constant parties and luxury was a clear example of hedonism.
  • Critics argue that pure hedonism ignores the importance of duty and responsibility.

Advanced Usage

• Philosophical/Ethical Context: Used to describe formal philosophical theories, such as those of Epicurus or Cyrenaics, which define the good in terms of pleasure.
  • Epicurean hedonism is often distinguished by its emphasis on the absence of pain and moderate pleasures.
• Psychological Context: In psychology, "hedonism" can refer to the theory that behavior is motivated by desires for pleasure and the avoidance of pain.
  • The motivational principle of hedonism is a foundational concept in some behavioral theories.

Variants and Related Words

• Hedonist (noun): A person who believes in or practices hedonism.
  • He was a notorious hedonist, spending his fortune on fine food and travel.
• Hedonistic (adjective): Characterized by or devoted to pleasure.
  • The film portrayed a hedonistic society obsessed with immediate gratification.

Synonyms

• Pleasure principle: (In psychology) The instinctive drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
• Self-indulgence: Excessive gratification of one's own desires and feelings.
• Sybaritism: Devotion to luxury and sensual pleasure (from Sybaris, an ancient Greek city noted for its luxury).

Related Phrases and Idioms

• "Eat, drink, and be merry": An idiom reflecting a hedonistic attitude, suggesting one should enjoy life's pleasures.
  • His philosophy was simple: eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die.
• "Live for pleasure": A phrase describing a hedonistic lifestyle.
  • After retiring, they decided to live for pleasure, traveling the world.

Noun

1. an ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good
2. the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle