hudud

Thân thiện

Definition

Noun: 1. A class of fixed punishments under Islamic law for specific serious crimes: "Hudud" (also transliterated as hadd, plural hudud) refers to a set of punishments in classical Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia) that are considered divinely ordained, with their types and extents defined by the Quran and the Sunnah. These are applied to crimes deemed to violate the "limits of God" and serve as both a punishment and a deterrent.

Usage Examples

• The judge ruled that the crime of theft met the strict conditions for the application of hudud.
• Scholarly debate often focuses on the evidentiary requirements necessary to implement hudud punishments.
• In classical jurisprudence, hudud crimes include theft, unlawful sexual intercourse, and false accusation of unlawful sexual intercourse.

Advanced Usage

• "Hudud punishments": This is the most common collocation, specifying the penalties themselves (e.g., flogging, amputation, stoning in historical contexts, depending on the crime and school of thought).
  • The implementation of hudud punishments requires meeting very high standards of proof.
• "Hudud laws" or "hudud offenses": Refers to the legal statutes defining the crimes and their corresponding fixed punishments.
  • The legal code included a section on hudud offenses.

Variants and Related Words

• Hadd (noun): The singular form of "hudud," referring to one specific fixed punishment or the legal limit itself.
  • The hadd for theft was applied.
• Ta'zir (noun): A contrasting category of punishments in Islamic law that are discretionary, determined by a judge, and applied for offenses not covered by or (retaliation).
• Qisas (noun): Another category of law in Islam dealing with crimes against persons (e.g., murder, assault) where the victim or heirs have the right to seek retribution or compensation.

Synonyms

• Fixed punishments (general English term)
• Prescribed penalties (general English term)

Notes on Meaning

• The concept and application of are specific to Islamic law and theology. Discussions about them are deeply connected to interpretations of sacred texts, historical legal practice, and modern legal systems in some Muslim-majority countries.
• It is crucial to understand that within Islamic scholarship, there is significant discussion and varying interpretation regarding the conditions, evidence, and applicability of in the modern era.

Học thuật

Noun

1. Islamic laws stating the limits ordained by Allah and including the deterrent punishments for serious crimes

Từ đồng nghĩa

• hudood