hydrous

/'haidrəs/

Thân thiện

A student examines a hydrous crystal under a bright lamp.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Containing water; especially containing water that is chemically combined: The term "hydrous" describes a substance, typically a mineral or chemical compound, that contains water molecules as part of its structure. This water is often bound in a specific, stoichiometric ratio, such as in crystalline hydrates.

Usage

• "Hydrous" is primarily used in scientific contexts, especially in chemistry, geology, and materials science, to specify that a material incorporates water into its composition.
• It is the opposite of "anhydrous," which means without water.

Examples

• Adjective:
  • Gypsum is a hydrous calcium sulfate mineral.
  • The chemist analyzed the hydrous compound to determine its water content.
  • This hydrous form of the oxide is less stable when heated.

Advanced Usage

• "Hydrous conditions": Refers to an environment or state where water is present or incorporated.
  • The reaction proceeds differently under hydrous conditions.
• In mineralogy, "hydrous" often appears in mineral names (e.g., hydrous aluminosilicate) to indicate the presence of hydroxyl (OH) ions or water molecules within the crystal lattice.

Variants and Related Words

• Anhydrous (adj): Without water.
  • Anhydrous ammonia is used as a fertilizer.
• Hydrate (n/verb): A compound containing water molecules; to combine with water.
  • Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a blue crystalline solid.
  • The process will hydrate the powder.
• Dehydrate (verb): To remove water from.
  • Heat will dehydrate the hydrous salt.

Synonyms

• Water-containing
• Hydrated (Note: While similar, "hydrated" often implies the act of combining with water or the state of being a hydrate, whereas "hydrous" is a more general descriptive term for containing water.)

Antonyms

• Anhydrous
• Dry
• Dehydrated

Học thuật

Adjective

1. containing combined water (especially water of crystallization as in a hydrate)

Từ đồng nghĩa

• hydrated