hydroxide

/hai'drɔksaid/

Thân thiện

A student adds sodium hydroxide to a beaker of water.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group (OH⁻): A hydroxide is an inorganic compound consisting of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom bonded together, carrying a negative charge (OH⁻). This ion is the defining component.
   • A compound of an oxide with water: A hydroxide can also be described as the product formed when a metal oxide reacts with water.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Sodium hydroxide is a strong base used in many industrial processes.
  • The laboratory technician carefully handled the solution of calcium hydroxide.

Advanced Usage

• "Hydroxide ion": The negatively charged anion (OH⁻) responsible for the basic properties of hydroxide compounds in aqueous solution.
  • The concentration of hydroxide ions determines the pH of the solution.

Variants and Related Words

• Hydroxyl (noun): The univalent group -OH, as present in alcohols and other organic compounds, distinct from the ionic hydroxide anion.
  • The hydroxyl group is a common functional group in organic chemistry.

Synonyms

• Base (in the context of Arrhenius bases): A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
• Alkali (specifically for soluble hydroxides): A base that dissolves in water.

Related Phrases

• Metal hydroxide: A hydroxide where the cation is a metal ion (e.g., potassium hydroxide, KOH).
• Hydroxide radical (•OH): A highly reactive, neutral species, also known as the hydroxyl radical, important in atmospheric chemistry and biology.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group
2. a compound of an oxide with water

Từ đồng nghĩa

• hydrated oxide