hypertonus
Definition
Noun (Medical/Physiological term): A condition of excessive tone, tension, or activity, particularly in muscular tissue. It describes a state of abnormally high muscle tension or rigidity at rest.
Usage
"Hypertonus" is a technical term used primarily in medical, physiological, and therapeutic contexts to describe increased muscular tone. It is the opposite of "hypotonus" (low muscle tone).
Examples
- The neurologist diagnosed the patient with hypertonus in the upper limbs following the stroke.
- Physical therapy can help manage the pain and stiffness caused by muscular hypertonus.
- Spasticity is a specific type of velocity-dependent hypertonus.
Advanced Usage
- Clinical Assessment: The degree of hypertonus is often assessed by a clinician passively moving a patient's limb and feeling the resistance.
- Pathological Context: Hypertonus is a common feature in upper motor neuron lesions, such as those seen in cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or after a spinal cord injury.
Variants and Related Words
- Hypertonia (n): Often used interchangeably with "hypertonus" to describe increased muscle tone.
- Hypertonic (adj): 1. (Physiology) Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid. 2. (Muscle) Being in a state of hypertonus.
- Spasticity (n): A specific clinical manifestation of hypertonus characterized by increased, velocity-dependent muscle stretch reflexes.
- Rigidity (n): Another form of hypertonus where muscle resistance is constant throughout the range of motion, often associated with Parkinson's disease.
Synonyms
- Increased muscle tone
- Muscle rigidity (in specific contexts)
- Hypertonia
Antonyms
- Hypotonia
- Hypotonus
- Decreased muscle tone
- Flaccidity
Noun
-
(of muscular tissue) the state of being hypertonic
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