ideal gas
Definition
Noun: A theoretical model of a gas that follows the ideal gas law exactly. In this model, the gas molecules are considered to be point particles with negligible volume, and they do not exert any attractive or repulsive forces on each other except during perfectly elastic collisions.
Usage
The term "ideal gas" is used primarily in physics and chemistry to describe a simplified model that approximates the behavior of real gases under many conditions, especially at high temperatures and low pressures.
Examples
- In thermodynamics, an ideal gas is often used to simplify calculations.
- The behavior of many real gases approximates that of an ideal gas at sufficiently low pressure.
- The concept of an ideal gas is fundamental to understanding gas laws.
Advanced Usage
- "to behave as an ideal gas": To exhibit properties (like obeying the equation PV=nRT) that match the theoretical model.
- At high temperatures and low densities, helium closely behaves as an ideal gas.
- "ideal gas approximation": The act of using the ideal gas model to simplify the analysis of a real gas system.
- For a rough estimate, we can use the ideal gas approximation.
Variants and Related Words
- Ideal gas law (n): The equation of state for an ideal gas, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the amount of substance, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.
- Real gas (n): A gas that does not behave exactly as an ideal gas, especially at high pressures and low temperatures, due to intermolecular forces and the finite volume of molecules.
Synonyms
- Perfect gas
Antonyms
- Real gas
- Non-ideal gas
- Van der Waals gas
Noun
-
a hypothetical gas with molecules of negligible size that exert no intermolecular forces
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