immunise

/'imju:naiz/ Cách viết khác : (immunise) /'imju:naiz/

Thân thiện

The nurse will immunise the children at the school clinic.

Definition

1. Verb (transitive):
   • To make immune or resistant to a specific disease, typically by administering a vaccine: The primary meaning refers to the medical process of inducing immunity through vaccination.
   • To grant legal immunity from prosecution: A formal, legal meaning where someone is officially protected from legal action.

Usage and Examples

• Medical Context (to vaccinate):
  • Public health campaigns aim to immunise children against measles, mumps, and rubella.
  • It is crucial to immunise the population before the flu season begins.
• Legal Context (to grant immunity):
  • The witness was immunised in exchange for their testimony against the main suspect.

Advanced Usage

• "To immunise someone against something": This is the standard construction for the medical meaning.
  • The new vaccine could help immunise people against the emerging virus.
• Passive Voice: Commonly used to describe the state of being protected.
  • Children should be fully immunised before starting school.

Variants and Related Words

• Immunisation (noun, UK spelling) / Immunization (noun, US spelling): The act or process of making someone immune.
  • The immunisation programme has been very successful.
• Immunity (noun): The state of being immune.
  • Vaccination provides immunity to the disease.
• Immuniser (noun) / Immunizer (noun): An agent or person that immunises.
• Immunogenic (adjective): Capable of producing an immune response.

Synonyms

• Vaccinate: To administer a vaccine to produce immunity.
• Inoculate: To introduce a microorganism or vaccine into a living organism to induce immunity.
• Protect (against): To keep safe from harm, including disease.

Antonyms

• Susceptibilise / Sensitise: To make more likely to be affected or harmed by something.
• Endanger: To expose to danger or harm.

Notes on Spelling and Usage

• Spelling: The word is spelled immunise in British English and immunize in American English. The 's' (UK) and 'z' (US) distinction applies to all related forms (e.g., immunisation/immunization).
• Formality: The medical meaning is standard in general and scientific language. The legal meaning is formal and specific to legal contexts.

Học thuật

Verb

1. perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation
   • We vaccinate against scarlet fever
   • The nurse vaccinated the children in the school
2. law: grant immunity from prosecution

Từ đồng nghĩa

• immunize
• inoculate
• vaccinate