immunoassay
Definition
Noun: 1. A laboratory technique for identifying or measuring a specific substance, especially a protein, by using its specific interaction with antibodies. An immunoassay exploits the highly specific binding between an antigen (the target substance) and its corresponding antibody to detect and quantify that substance in a sample.
Examples of Usage
- The doctor ordered an immunoassay to check for the presence of the hormone in the patient's blood.
- Modern pregnancy tests are a type of rapid immunoassay that detects human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
- Researchers developed a new immunoassay to measure the concentration of the viral protein with high sensitivity.
Advanced Usage
- "To perform/conduct/run an immunoassay": This describes the action of carrying out the laboratory procedure.
- The technician will perform the immunoassay on the serum samples this afternoon.
- "Sandwich immunoassay": A common, highly specific format where the target antigen is captured between two different antibodies.
- "Competitive immunoassay": A format often used for measuring small molecules, where the target in the sample competes with a labeled version for binding sites on an antibody.
Variants and Related Words
- Immunoassayed (verb, past tense): The sample was tested using this method.
- All donor blood is immunoassayed for key pathogens.
- Immunoassayable (adjective): Describes a substance that can be measured by this technique.
- The biomarker must be immunoassayable in plasma.
- Immunochemical assay (noun phrase): A synonym often used interchangeably with "immunoassay."
Synonyms
- Immunochemical test
- Antibody-based test
- Binding assay (a broader category that includes immunoassays)
Related Phrases
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A very common and well-known type of immunoassay that uses an enzyme reaction to produce a detectable signal.
- Radioimmunoassay (RIA): A historical type of immunoassay that uses a radioactive label for detection.
Noun
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identification of a substance (especially a protein) by its action as an antigen
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PSA in the blood can be measured with an immunochemical assay
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