immunoassay

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immunoassay

A scientist performs an immunoassay to measure protein levels.

Definition

Noun: 1. A laboratory technique for identifying or measuring a specific substance, especially a protein, by using its specific interaction with antibodies. An immunoassay exploits the highly specific binding between an antigen (the target substance) and its corresponding antibody to detect and quantify that substance in a sample.

Examples of Usage
  • The doctor ordered an immunoassay to check for the presence of the hormone in the patient's blood.
  • Modern pregnancy tests are a type of rapid immunoassay that detects human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
  • Researchers developed a new immunoassay to measure the concentration of the viral protein with high sensitivity.
Advanced Usage
  • "To perform/conduct/run an immunoassay": This describes the action of carrying out the laboratory procedure.
    • The technician will perform the immunoassay on the serum samples this afternoon.
  • "Sandwich immunoassay": A common, highly specific format where the target antigen is captured between two different antibodies.
  • "Competitive immunoassay": A format often used for measuring small molecules, where the target in the sample competes with a labeled version for binding sites on an antibody.
Variants and Related Words
  • Immunoassayed (verb, past tense): The sample was tested using this method.
    • All donor blood is immunoassayed for key pathogens.
  • Immunoassayable (adjective): Describes a substance that can be measured by this technique.
    • The biomarker must be immunoassayable in plasma.
  • Immunochemical assay (noun phrase): A synonym often used interchangeably with "immunoassay."
Synonyms
  • Immunochemical test
  • Antibody-based test
  • Binding assay (a broader category that includes immunoassays)
Related Phrases
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A very common and well-known type of immunoassay that uses an enzyme reaction to produce a detectable signal.
  • Radioimmunoassay (RIA): A historical type of immunoassay that uses a radioactive label for detection.
immunoassay

A scientist performs an immunoassay to measure protein levels.

Noun
  1. identification of a substance (especially a protein) by its action as an antigen
    • PSA in the blood can be measured with an immunochemical assay

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