including
Definition
- Preposition (also used as a present participle of the verb "include"):
- Containing as part of a whole: "including" indicates that someone or something is part of a group, set, or list being mentioned.
- Comprising: used to specify that a particular item or person is among those being referred to.
Usage Examples
- (The tax is part of the total cost.)
- (The children are counted among the twelve.)
- (Breakfast and dinner are part of the meals provided.)
Advanced Usage
"up to and including": a fixed phrase used to indicate a range that includes the final item or date.
- The sale runs from January 1 up to and including March 31. (The sale ends on March 31, which is part of the range.)
"including but not limited to": a legal or formal phrase meaning that the list given is not exhaustive.
- The company provides benefits, including but not limited to health insurance and retirement plans. (These are examples, but other benefits may also be provided.)
Variants and Related Words
Include (verb): to contain as part of a whole.
- The menu includes a variety of dishes. (The menu has those dishes as part of its offerings.)
Inclusion (noun): the act of including or the state of being included.
- Her inclusion in the team was celebrated. (She was added to the team.)
Inclusive (adjective): covering all items, costs, or services; not excluding anything.
- The hotel offers an all-inclusive package. (All costs are covered in one price.)
Synonyms
- Comprising: consisting of; made up of.
- Containing: having something as a part or component.
- Inclusive of: including as part of a total.
Related Idioms
"Including yourself": a phrase used to emphasize that the speaker or listener is part of a group.
- Everyone, including yourself, is invited to the party. (You are also invited.)
"Including everything": meaning all items or aspects are covered.
- The fee is $100, including everything. (No additional charges apply.)