individualism

/,indi'vidjuəlizm/
Học thuật
Thân thiện
Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control: This meaning emphasizes the political and economic aspect, where individual rights and initiatives are prioritized.
    • The habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant: This refers to a personal belief system that values personal independence and self-sufficiency.
    • A doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be ethically paramount: This is a moral stance placing the individual at the center of ethical consideration.
Usage
  • Individualism is often discussed in contrast to collectivism. It is a central concept in political philosophy, economics, and sociology.
  • It describes both a societal value system and a personal character trait.
Examples
  • Noun:
    • The country's culture is characterized by a strong sense of individualism and personal responsibility.
    • His individualism made him resist joining any large organization.
    • The philosopher argued for a form of individualism that balanced personal freedom with social obligation.
Advanced Usage
  • Methodological individualism: A principle in social science that social phenomena must be explained by showing how they result from individual actions and attitudes.
    • The study used methodological individualism to analyze the market trends.
  • Romantic individualism: An emphasis on the individual's unique feelings and self-expression, particularly associated with the Romantic era.
    • The poet's work is a classic example of Romantic individualism.
Variants and Related Words
  • Individualist (noun): A person who practices or advocates individualism.
    • He was a staunch individualist who lived by his own rules.
  • Individualistic (adjective): Characterized by individualism; more interested in individual people than in society as a whole.
    • She has a highly individualistic approach to her art.
  • Individuality (noun): The quality or character of a particular person or thing that distinguishes them from others of the same kind.
    • The school encourages students to express their individuality.
Synonyms
  • Self-reliance: Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others.
  • Independence: Freedom from outside control or support.
  • Autonomy: The right or condition of self-government.
Antonyms
  • Collectivism: The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
  • Conformity: Compliance with standards, rules, or laws; behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.
  • Dependence: The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.
Related Phrases and Concepts
  • Rugged individualism: A term often associated with the frontier ethos of the United States, emphasizing self-reliance and independence.
    • The myth of the cowboy embodies the ideal of rugged individualism.
  • Expressive individualism: A modern form of individualism that holds that each person has a unique core of feeling and intuition that should unfold or be expressed.
    • The decision was driven more by expressive individualism than by practical concerns.
Noun
  1. the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
  2. a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
  3. the quality of being individual
    • so absorbed by the movement that she lost all sense of individuality

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