Definition

Noun 1. A type of cytokine: Any of a group of signaling proteins produced by white blood cells, especially lymphocytes, that regulate the immune system's response to infection and disease. They act as messengers between immune cells. 2. A specific immune system regulator: Any of several numbered proteins (e.g., interleukin-1, interleukin-2) that have specific functions, such as promoting the development and activity of immune cells like macrophages, T cells, and B cells.

Usage and Examples

• General Use: The term is used in immunology and medicine to refer to these specific signaling molecules.
  • The researchers studied the effect of interleukin on inflammatory responses.
  • Certain interleukins are being developed as potential cancer therapies.
• With Specific Numbering: Interleukins are commonly identified by a number (IL-1, IL-2, etc.).
  • Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is crucial for the growth and activity of T cells.
  • The drug works by blocking the action of interleukin-6.

Advanced Usage

• In Therapeutic Contexts: Refers to manufactured versions used in treatments.
  • Recombinant interleukin therapy can have significant side effects.
• In Pathological Contexts: Refers to overproduction or dysregulation contributing to disease.
  • A "cytokine storm," involving excessive interleukin release, can cause severe tissue damage.

Variants and Related Words

• IL- [Number]: The standard abbreviation (e.g., IL-1β, IL-10).
• Cytokine (n): The broader category of signaling proteins to which interleukins belong.
• Lymphokine (n): A type of cytokine produced by lymphocytes; many interleukins are lymphokines.
• Chemokine (n): A subclass of cytokines that specifically direct cell movement.

Synonyms

• Immune messenger
• Lymphokine (for those produced by lymphocytes)

Related Phrases and Compounds

• Interleukin receptor: The specific protein on a cell's surface that an interleukin binds to in order to transmit its signal.
• Interleukin signaling pathway: The series of biochemical reactions inside a cell triggered by interleukin binding.
• Anti-interleukin therapy: Medical treatment that uses antibodies to block the action of a specific interleukin.

Noun

1. any of several lymphokines that promote macrophages and killer T cells and B cells and other components of the immune system