jati

Thân thiện

A potter from the jati shapes a clay vessel on his wheel.

Definition

Noun: 1. (Hinduism) A sub-caste or distinct endogamous social community within Hindu society. A jati is one of the thousands of localized, hereditary social groups found traditionally across India. Membership is determined by birth, and it is a primary unit of social identity, often governing marriage, occupation, and social interaction. 2. A social group characterized by a traditional occupation. A defining feature of many jatis is the association with a specific hereditary trade or craft (e.g., weaver, blacksmith, potter), which was traditionally practiced by its male members.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • In many villages, social organization was based on a complex hierarchy of jatis.
  • His jati has been associated with metalworking for generations.
  • Marriage within one's own jati was the strict norm.

Advanced Usage

• Jati vs. Varna: It is crucial to distinguish from the broader theoretical four-fold system (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras). are the practical, lived social divisions, while are the classical, idealized categories. Thousands of exist across India, and their ranking within and between can vary by region.
• Jati identity: The concept extends beyond occupation to encompass shared customs, rituals, dialects, and a sense of common ancestry.

Variants and Related Words

• Caste (n): The general English term often used to translate both and . is more accurately described as a "sub-caste."
• Endogamy (n): The practice of marrying within a specific social group, a key characteristic of the system.

Synonyms

• Sub-caste
• Community
• Clan (in a specific social context)
• Tribe (in certain contexts, though not precisely equivalent)

Related Phrases

• Jati council: A traditional governing or dispute-resolution body within a .
• Jati norms: The customary rules and practices specific to a particular .

Học thuật

Noun

1. (Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)