Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Perennial, lasting for many years: "lưu niên" describes something, especially a plant, that lives for more than two years, often growing and blooming over multiple seasons.
   • Long-lasting, enduring: It can also describe non-living things that persist or are kept for a long time as a memory or record.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Cây sồi là một loại cây lưu niên. (The oak is a type of perennial plant.)
  • Những kỷ vật này có giá trị lưu niên của gia đình. (These souvenirs have the enduring value of the family.)
  • Hoa hồng bụi thường là cây lưu niên. (Shrub roses are usually perennial plants.)

Advanced Usage

• Used in formal or botanical contexts to classify plants.
• Can be used figuratively in literature or formal writing to describe lasting memories, traditions, or impacts.
  • Tình bạn của họ là một thứ tình cảm lưu niên. (Their friendship is a perennial/permanent sentiment.)

Variants and Related Words

• Cây lưu niên (noun phrase): Perennial plant.
• Lâu năm (adjective): A more common synonym meaning "long-term" or "of many years," applicable to both living things and experiences.
• Đa niên (adjective, less common): A synonym meaning "multiannual."

Synonyms

• Lâu năm: Long-lasting, of many years.
• Tồn tại lâu dài: To exist for a long duration.
• Vĩnh cửu (in some contexts): Eternal, perpetual (stronger connotation).

Related Phrases

• Vật lưu niệm (noun phrase): Souvenir, keepsake (an object kept as a reminder).
• Kỷ niệm lưu niên: Lasting memory.

Related Idioms

• While "lưu niên" itself is not commonly used in idiomatic expressions, the concept is found in phrases about longevity and memory.
  • Lưu danh thiên cổ: To leave a name for a thousand years (to be remembered forever). This idiom uses "lưu" (to retain) but is a fixed phrase with a similar concept of enduring legacy.

1. perennial
   • cây lưu niên
     perennial plant, perennial