luỵ

Definitions

1. Noun:

   • Tears (poetic/literary): Refers to tears, often used in poetic or literary contexts to express sadness or sorrow.
   • Misfortune, trouble, calamity: Refers to an unfortunate event, disaster, or trouble that befalls someone.

2. Verb (archaic/classical): To have to rely on, to be dependent on, to resort to: Indicates a state of dependence or the necessity to seek help from someone or something due to circumstances.

Usage Examples

• Noun (Tears):

  • Lụy tuôn rơi. (Tears stream down.)
  • Đôi mắt đẫm lụy. (Eyes brimming with tears.)

• Noun (Misfortune):

  • Mang lụy vào thân. (To bring misfortune upon oneself.)
  • Gia đình gặp phải nhiều lụy. (The family encountered much trouble.)

• Verb (To rely on):

  • Cách sông nên phải lụy đò. (Being separated by a river, one must resort to the ferryman. - Folk verse)

Advanced Usage

• "Khóc lụy": To weep bitterly, to shed copious tears.

  • Bà khóc lụy trước mộ người thân. (She wept bitterly at her relative's grave.)

• "Tai bay vạ gió / họa vô đơn chí": This idiom describes a situation where one misfortune follows another, closely related to the meaning of "lụy" as calamity.

  • Công ty vừa phá sản, giờ ông ốm nặng, đúng là tai bay vạ gió. (The company just went bankrupt, and now he is seriously ill—misfortunes never come singly.)

Variants and Related Words

• Lệ (n): A more common, neutral word for "tears". "Lụy" is more literary.
• Tai họa, vạ (n): Disaster, calamity. These are more common synonyms for the misfortune sense of "lụy".
• Phiền lụy (n/phrase): Trouble, bother, nuisance. Combines the idea of annoyance and misfortune.
  • Tránh cho người khác khỏi phiền lụy. (To avoid causing trouble for others.)
• Lụy tình (phrase): To be trapped or suffer because of love/emotions.
  • Anh ta đã quá lụy tình. (He was too deeply entangled/suffering because of love.)

Synonyms

• Nước mắt (n): Tears (common, everyday usage).
• Rủi ro, hoạn nạn (n): Misfortune, adversity.

Related Phrases/Idioms

• "Lụy đò, lụy thuyền": An archaic phrase from folk poetry meaning to be dependent on the ferry/boat due to necessity, as in the example verse. It highlights dependence on a service or person.
• "Lụy phận": To be resigned to or burdened by one's fate/lot in life.
  • Bà cụ sống một cuộc đời lụy phận. (The old woman lived a life resigned to her harsh fate.)