memoranda
/,memə'rændə/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun (plural of memorandum) 1. Short written notes or records: Brief documents written to aid memory, to record facts for future reference, or to serve as informal communication within an organization. 2. Informal written communications: Documents, often internal, used to announce policies, share information, or make proposals within a business, government, or institution.
Usage
- Memoranda is the traditional and often preferred plural form in formal, academic, and legal contexts.
- It is used as a countable noun. You can have one memorandum or several memoranda.
- It is commonly abbreviated as memo (singular) and memos (plural) in everyday business English.
Examples
- The manager circulated several memoranda regarding the new safety protocols.
- All confidential memoranda must be stored in the locked cabinet.
- His files contained memoranda of meetings and telephone conversations.
- The committee reviewed the memoranda from the previous fiscal year.
Advanced Usage
- Diplomatic Memorandum: A formal, usually unsigned, summary of a diplomatic conversation or a detailed proposal.
- The ambassador submitted a diplomatic memorandum outlining the terms for negotiation.
- Legal Memorandum: A document analyzing legal issues, often written by a lawyer for colleagues or a client.
- The associate prepared a legal memorandum on the implications of the new statute.
Variants and Related Words
- Memorandum (n): The singular form.
- Memo (n, informal): The common short form.
- Memorandums (n): An accepted, though less common, plural form.
Synonyms
- Note: A brief record of points or ideas.
- Message: A written or spoken piece of communication.
- Communication: A letter, email, or message containing information.
- Dispatch: An official report or message, often sent quickly.
- Minute (often plural: minutes): A written summary of the proceedings of a meeting.
Related Phrases
- To issue a memorandum: To formally send out a memo.
- The director will issue a memorandum to all staff next week.
- As per the memorandum: According to the instructions or information in the memo (formal).
- As per the memorandum, all expenses must be pre-approved.
Noun
- a written proposal or reminder