metalloid

/'metəlɔid/

Thân thiện

A scientist holds a sample of the metalloid silicon in a laboratory.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Having properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals: Describes an element that exhibits some characteristics typical of metals and some typical of nonmetals.
   • Resembling a metal in appearance or physical properties: Describes a substance that looks or behaves somewhat like a metal but is not a true metal.

2. Noun:

   • An element with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals: A chemical element that is not a metal but has some metallic properties.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:

  • Arsenic is a metalloid element. (Arsenic is an element with properties of both metals and nonmetals.)
  • Silicon has a metalloid character, as it is a semiconductor. (Silicon has a mixed metallic/nonmetallic nature.)

• Noun:

  • Boron is classified as a metalloid. (Boron is categorized as an element with intermediate properties.)
  • The metalloids are found along the zigzag line on the periodic table. (The elements with mixed properties are located in a specific region of the periodic table.)

Advanced Usage

• Scientific Classification: In chemistry and physics, 'metalloid' is a standard term for categorizing elements based on their chemical behavior and physical properties, such as electrical conductivity.
  • The property of being a metalloid is crucial for materials used in semiconductors.
• Descriptive Use: Can be used descriptively for materials or alloys that mimic metallic properties without being pure metals.
  • The researcher synthesized a metalloid compound with unique catalytic properties.

Variants and Related Words

• Metalloidal (adjective): An alternative, less common adjective form meaning 'of or relating to a metalloid'.
  • The sample exhibited a metalloidal luster.
• Semimetal (noun): A term sometimes used interchangeably with 'metalloid' in older or specific technical contexts, particularly in physics, to describe elements with very small overlap between valence and conduction bands.
  • Antimony is often considered a semimetal.

Synonyms

• Semimetallic: Having some metallic qualities. (Often used in physics.)
• Intermediate element: An element with properties between metals and nonmetals. (A descriptive phrase.)

Related Phrases / Compound Terms

• Metalloid character: The set of properties that define an element as a metalloid.
  • The metalloid character of tellurium includes its shiny appearance and brittle nature.
• Metalloid cluster: A group of atoms of metalloid elements.
  • The study focused on the structure of a novel metalloid cluster.

Notes on Meaning

• The term is primarily scientific. In everyday language, it is rarely used.
• The exact list of elements considered metalloids can vary slightly between different scientific sources, but commonly includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.
• The noun form refers to the element itself, while the adjective form describes its properties or nature.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of or being a nonmetallic element that has some of the properties of metal
   • arsenic is a metalloid element