Definition

1. Verb:
   • To excuse / to exempt from blame: The primary meaning of "miễn trách" is to formally or graciously pardon someone, to not hold them responsible or at fault for an action or mistake.
   • To forgive / to not reproach: It conveys the act of choosing not to criticize, blame, or find fault with someone, often implying a deliberate decision to be lenient.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Tôi xin miễn trách cho anh ấy vì lỗi lầm này. (I ask to excuse him for this mistake.)
  • Giám đốc đã miễn trách cho nhân viên vì hoàn cảnh đặc biệt. (The director excused the employee due to special circumstances.)
  • Thầy giáo nói: "Lần này tôi sẽ miễn trách cho em." (The teacher said, "This time I will excuse you.")

Advanced Usage

• Legal/Formal Context: In official or legal language, "miễn trách" can imply a formal waiver of liability or a clause that exempts a party from responsibility under specified conditions.
  • Hợp đồng có điều khoản miễn trách trong trường hợp bất khả kháng. (The contract has a clause that excuses liability in case of force majeure.)

Variants and Related Words

• Miễn (v): to exempt, to excuse, to waive. A core component meaning "to exempt."
• Trách (v): to blame, to reproach, to hold responsible. A core component meaning "to blame."
• Miễn tội (v): to pardon a crime/sin. Related but stronger, often used for legal or moral offenses.
• Tha thứ (v): to forgive. A more general synonym for forgiveness.

Synonyms

• Excuse: to forgive or overlook a fault.
• Exempt from blame: to formally free someone from being held responsible.
• Pardon: to release from the penalty of an offense.
• Absolve: to set free from guilt or obligation.

Related Idioms

• Miễn trách nhiệm: to exempt from responsibility/liability. This is a common compound phrase in formal contexts.
  • Công ty không miễn trách nhiệm về an toàn sản phẩm. (The company does not exempt itself from product safety liability.)