monoclonal

Thân thiện

A scientist examines a monoclonal antibody under a microscope.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Forming or derived from a single clone: Describes something, especially a population of cells or antibodies, that originates from and is genetically identical to a single ancestor cell.

2. Noun:

   • Any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells: A type of antibody made by identical immune cells that are clones of a unique parent cell. These antibodies are identical and target one specific antigen.

Examples of Usage

• Adjective:

  • The researchers developed a monoclonal cell line for their experiments.
  • This therapy uses monoclonal antibodies to target the virus precisely.

• Noun:

  • The patient was treated with a monoclonal that blocks the inflammatory protein.
  • The new monoclonal has shown promise in cancer treatment.

Advanced Usage

• "Monoclonal antibody therapy": A treatment that uses monoclonal antibodies to bind to specific cells or proteins, such as in cancer or autoimmune diseases.

  • Monoclonal antibody therapy has revolutionized the treatment of certain lymphomas.

• "Monoclonal gammopathy": A medical condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein (a monoclonal antibody) in the blood.

  • The blood test revealed a monoclonal gammopathy, requiring further investigation.

Variants and Related Words

• Monoclonality (n): The state or quality of being monoclonal.

  • The monoclonality of the tumor cells was confirmed by genetic testing.

• Polyclonal (adj): Derived from multiple different clones; the opposite of monoclonal.

  • The immune response typically involves a mixture of polyclonal antibodies.

Synonyms

• Identical antibodies (for the noun sense).
• Clonal (adj, in a broader biological context, though not perfectly synonymous).

Related Phrases

• Produce monoclonal antibodies: The process of creating these antibodies in a lab.

  • The biotech company specializes in producing monoclonal antibodies for research.

• Monoclonal origin: Describing something that comes from a single clone.

  • The tumor was of monoclonal origin, suggesting it started from a single mutated cell.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. forming or derived from a single clone

Noun

1. any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules

Từ đồng nghĩa

• monoclonal antibody