muckraker
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun: 1. A person, especially a journalist, who searches for and exposes real or alleged corruption, scandal, or misconduct, typically involving prominent public figures or institutions. This term often implies the exposure is done in a sensational, aggressive, or self-righteous manner.
Usage
The word "muckraker" is used to describe a specific type of investigator or reporter. It carries a somewhat negative connotation, suggesting the person is overly focused on digging up and publicizing unpleasant or scandalous information, sometimes for personal gain or political advantage, rather than for purely altruistic reasons.
Examples
- The politician dismissed the newspaper's report, calling the author a muckraker trying to destroy his reputation.
- Early 20th-century muckrakers like Upton Sinclair exposed harsh conditions in industries, leading to public outrage and reform.
- She was accused of being a muckraker after publishing unverified allegations about the company's finances.
Advanced Usage
- Historical Context: In a historical sense, "Muckraker" (often capitalized) refers specifically to a group of American journalists and writers in the Progressive Era (circa 1890s–1920s) who exposed social ills and corruption. While the term was originally pejorative, it is now often used neutrally or positively to describe their reformist work.
- Example: "Ida Tarbell is celebrated as one of the great Muckrakers for her investigation of the Standard Oil Company."
Variants and Related Words
- Muckrake (verb): To search for and expose scandal, especially about public figures.
- Example: "He spent his career muckraking against political corruption."
- Muckraking (noun or adjective): The act or practice of a muckraker.
- Example (noun): "The book is an example of modern muckraking."
- Example (adj): "She wrote a muckraking article about the hospital's management."
Synonyms
- Investigative journalist
- Exposé writer
- Scandalmonger (more negative, implies spreading gossip)
- Mud-slinger (more negative, implies making malicious accusations)
Antonyms
- Publicist
- Apologist
- Sycophant
Related Idioms/Phrases
- Rake muck / Rake over the muck: This is the direct origin of the term, from a character in John Bunyan's who was so focused on raking filth (muck) that he failed to see a celestial crown offered to him. The phrase means to focus on scandal and corruption to the exclusion of higher things.
- Example: "Critics accused the reporter of preferring to rake muck rather than report on positive community developments."
Noun
- one who spreads real or alleged scandal about another (usually for political advantage)