Definition

1. Conjunction:
   • In order to, so that, with the aim of: "ngõ hầu" is a formal, literary conjunction used to express purpose or intention, indicating that an action is done to achieve a subsequent result.

Usage

• Position in Sentence: "Ngõ hầu" is used to connect two clauses. It typically follows the main action and introduces the intended purpose or outcome.
• Formality: This word is considered formal and is more common in written Vietnamese, such as in literature, official documents, or formal speeches, than in everyday conversation.

Usage Examples

• Conjunction:
  • Tích lũy vốn, ngõ hầu mở rộng sản xuất. (To accumulate capital in order to expand production.)
  • Học tập ngõ hầu mở mang trí tuệ. (To study so as to develop one's mind.)
  • Có kháng chiến ngõ hầu mới giành được độc lập. (There must be a resistance war in order to win independence.)

Advanced Usage

• "ngõ hầu" vs. "để": Both mean "in order to." However, "ngõ hầu" is much more formal and literary, while "để" is neutral and used in all contexts.
  • Anh ấy làm việc chăm chỉ để/ngõ hầu kiếm tiền. (He works hard in order to earn money.) [Using "ngõ hầu" here sounds excessively formal for a simple sentence.]

Variants and Related Words

• Để: (Conjunction) In order to, to. The common, all-purpose equivalent.
• Hầu: (Conjunction) So that, in order that. A slightly old-fashioned or literary synonym, often part of "ngõ hầu."
• Với mục đích: (Phrase) With the aim/purpose of. A more explicit phrase for stating purpose.

Synonyms

• Để: in order to, to.
• Hầu cho: so that (formal).
• Với hy vọng: with the hope that.

Related Phrases

• Ngõ hầu cho: A slightly extended form with the same meaning.
  • Chúng tôi nỗ lực, ngõ hầu cho tương lai tươi sáng hơn. (We strive, so that there will be a brighter future.)

Notes on Meaning

• Single Meaning: "Ngõ hầu" has a single, clear meaning related to expressing purpose. It does not have other distinct meanings as a noun or verb.
• Etymology: The word is a compound of "ngõ" (path, way) and "hầu" (to hope for, to await), literally suggesting "finding a way so that..." or "hoping to make a way for...".

1. In order tọ
   • Tích lũy vốn, ngõ hầu mở rộng sản xuất
     To accumulate capital in order to expand production