Definition

1. Noun (Danh từ):
   • Protoplasm: The living, semi-fluid, translucent substance that forms the essential material of all plant and animal cells. It is the physical basis of life, containing the nucleus and cytoplasm, and is responsible for vital functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Tế bào được cấu tạo từ nguyên sinh chất. (The cell is composed of protoplasm.)
  • Các hoạt động sống diễn ra trong nguyên sinh chất. (Life processes occur within the protoplasm.)
  • Nhà khoa học quan sát sự chuyển động của nguyên sinh chất dưới kính hiển vi. (The scientist observed the movement of the protoplasm under the microscope.)

Advanced Usage

• "Chất nguyên sinh": This is a less common but acceptable variant with the same meaning as "nguyên sinh chất".
  • Màng tế bào bao bọc chất nguyên sinh. (The cell membrane encloses the protoplasm.)

Variants and Related Words

• Tế bào chất (Cytoplasm): The part of the protoplasm that surrounds the nucleus.
• Chất tế bào: A more general term for cellular substance, sometimes used interchangeably with "nguyên sinh chất" in basic contexts.

Synonyms

• Chất sống: Literally "living substance"; a descriptive synonym emphasizing its living nature.
• Protoplasma: The direct Latin-derived scientific term, identical in meaning.

Related Terms (Not Phrasal Verbs/Idioms)

• Tế bào (Cell): The basic structural and functional unit of life, containing the protoplasm.
• Nhân tế bào (Nucleus): The central structure within the protoplasm that contains genetic material.
• Bào quan (Organelle): Specialized structures suspended within the protoplasm that perform specific cellular functions.

1. (sinh học) Protoplasma