Definition

1. Noun (Philosophy):
   • Monism: A philosophical theory or doctrine that posits that all of reality, or the fundamental nature of existence, is grounded in a single, ultimate principle or substance. This principle is viewed as the sole origin and basis of everything.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Triết gia đó ủng hộ thuyết nhất nguyên luận. (That philosopher supports monism.)
  • Nhất nguyên luận đối lập với thuyết nhị nguyên luận. (Monism is opposed to dualism.)
  • Có hai dạng chính của nhất nguyên luận: duy vật và duy tâm. (There are two main forms of monism: materialistic and idealistic.)

Advanced Usage

• In academic discourse, "nhất nguyên luận" is often analyzed in contrast to pluralism (đa nguyên luận) and dualism (nhị nguyên luận). It is a core concept in metaphysics and ontology.
  • Cuộc tranh luận giữa nhất nguyên luận và nhị nguyên luận đã kéo dài hàng thế kỷ. (The debate between monism and dualism has lasted for centuries.)

Variants and Related Words

• Chủ nghĩa nhất nguyên (n): Monism (alternative term, often used interchangeably).
• Nhất nguyên (adj/n): Monistic; referring to the quality of being single or unified, often used as a shorter form in compound terms.
• Nhất nguyên luận duy tâm (n): Idealistic monism (the view that the single substance is mental or spiritual).
• Nhất nguyên luận duy vật (n): Materialistic monism (the view that the single substance is physical matter).

Synonyms

• Monism: The direct English equivalent.
• Doctrine of unity: A descriptive synonym emphasizing the unifying principle.

Related Philosophical Concepts

• Nhị nguyên luận (n): Dualism (the belief in two fundamental substances, e.g., mind and body).
• Đa nguyên luận (n): Pluralism (the belief that reality consists of many fundamental substances or principles).
• Duy tâm (n/adj): Idealism (often associated with idealistic monism).
• Duy vật (n/adj): Materialism (often associated with materialistic monism).

1. Monism