Definition

1. Noun:

   • Infection: The state or condition of being invaded by harmful microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi) that multiply and cause disease or tissue damage.
   • Septic condition: A state of contamination with pathogenic agents, often leading to a systemic inflammatory response.

2. Verb (to be infected):

   • To become infected: The process by which harmful microorganisms enter, establish themselves, and multiply within a host organism, causing disease.

Usage Examples

• Noun:

  • Vết thương hở có nguy cơ bị nhiễm trùng cao. (An open wound has a high risk of infection.)
  • Bác sĩ chẩn đoán bệnh nhân bị nhiễm trùng máu. (The doctor diagnosed the patient with a blood infection (sepsis).)

• Verb (common in passive/descriptive constructions):

  • Anh ấy đã nhiễm trùng sau khi phẫu thuật. (He became infected after the surgery.)
  • Vùng da đó trông có vẻ đã nhiễm trùng. (That area of skin looks like it is infected.)

Advanced Usage

• "Nhiễm trùng cơ hội": Opportunistic infection.

  • Bệnh nhân suy giảm miễn dịch dễ mắc các nhiễm trùng cơ hội. (Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to opportunistic infections.)

• "Nhiễm trùng huyết": Sepsis (a severe, body-wide response to infection).

  • Nhiễm trùng huyết là một tình trạng cấp cứu y tế. (Sepsis is a medical emergency.)

• "Kháng nhiễm trùng": Infection-resistant.

  • Vật liệu này có đặc tính kháng nhiễm trùng. (This material has infection-resistant properties.)

Variants and Related Words

• Nhiễm khuẩn (n): Bacterial infection. (Often used more specifically than the broader "nhiễm trùng").
• Nhiễm virus (n): Viral infection.
• Nhiễm nấm (n): Fungal infection.
• Chống nhiễm trùng (adj/phrase): Anti-infective, antiseptic.
• Nhiễm trùng học (n): Infectiology (the study of infections).

Synonyms

• Nhiễm độc (n): Intoxication, poisoning. (Note: This refers specifically to toxins, not microbial infection, but can be confused in some contexts).
• Viêm nhiễm (n): Inflammation and infection. (Often used to describe a condition involving both inflammation and the presence of infection).

Related Phrases (Common Collocations)

• Điều trị nhiễm trùng: To treat an infection.

  • Bệnh nhân cần dùng kháng sinh để điều trị nhiễm trùng. (The patient needs antibiotics to treat the infection.)

• Ngăn ngừa nhiễm trùng: To prevent infection.

  • Rửa tay là cách đơn giản để ngăn ngừa nhiễm trùng. (Handwashing is a simple way to prevent infection.)

• Ổ nhiễm trùng: A focus/septic focus of infection.

  • Phẫu thuật để loại bỏ ổ nhiễm trùng. (Surgery to remove the focus of infection.)

1. Be infected