pangloss

Thân thiện

A pangloss remains cheerful despite the rain.

Definition

Proper noun: * An incurable optimist: A character created by Voltaire in his 1759 satirical novel Candide. Dr. Pangloss is a philosopher who stubbornly adheres to the doctrine that "all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds," despite experiencing and witnessing numerous horrific events. His name has become synonymous with foolish or blind optimism.

Usage Examples

• Proper noun:
  • Despite the company's massive losses, the CEO remained a Pangloss, insisting everything was proceeding perfectly.
  • Her Panglossian attitude was frustrating; she refused to acknowledge any of the project's obvious risks.
  • The critic described the politician's speech as Panglossian, ignoring the severe problems facing the country.

Advanced Usage

• The term is almost exclusively used in a critical or satirical sense to describe someone whose optimism is naive, irrational, or detached from reality. It implies a willful ignorance of suffering or failure.
• It is commonly used in its adjective form, Panglossian, to describe a viewpoint, attitude, or statement.

Variants and Related Words

• Panglossian (adjective): Characteristic of or resembling the foolish optimism of Dr. Pangloss.
  • a Panglossian outlook, Panglossian rhetoric

Synonyms

• Irrational optimist
• Blind optimist
• Pollyanna (though "Pollyanna" often implies a cheerful disposition, while "Pangloss" implies a philosophical dogma)

Notes on Different Meanings

• As a proper noun, "Pangloss" refers specifically to the literary character. Its use as a common noun (meaning "an incurable optimist") is a direct allusion to this character and carries the full satirical context of Voltaire's work. It is not a general, neutral term for an optimistic person.

Học thuật

Noun

1. an incurable optimist in a satire by Voltaire

Từ đồng nghĩa

• pangloss