paternalism

/pə'tə:nəlizm/

Thân thiện

A government's paternalism can limit personal freedoms for perceived safety.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A policy or practice of treating or governing people in a manner resembling a father dealing with his children: Paternalism involves making decisions for others, often limiting their freedom or autonomy, based on the belief that this is for their own benefit or protection.

Usage

Paternalism is typically used to describe an attitude, policy, or system of governance. It often carries a critical connotation, implying that the control is unwarranted, condescending, or infringes on individual liberty, even if intended to be helpful.

Examples

• Noun:
  • The company's management was criticized for its paternalism, deciding what was best for employees without consulting them.
  • Government paternalism can be seen in laws that mandate safety equipment, arguing it protects people from their own choices.

Advanced Usage

• Soft vs. Hard Paternalism: In philosophy and ethics, a distinction is often made. Soft paternalism justifies intervention only when a person's choices are not fully voluntary or informed. Hard paternalism justifies intervention even when a person's choices are fully voluntary, solely for their own good.
• Paternalism in Medicine: Refers to a traditional model where doctors make healthcare decisions for patients without necessarily seeking their full consent, believing they know what is medically best.

Variants and Related Words

• Paternalistic (adj): Characterized by or exhibiting paternalism.
  • The manager's paternalistic attitude made the staff feel infantilized.
• Paternalist (n): A person who advocates or practices paternalism.

Synonyms

• Parentalism: A less common synonym with the same meaning.
• Authoritarianism (in certain contexts): While more about strict obedience, it can overlap with paternalism when authority figures claim to act for subordinates' own good.
• Protectionism (in social/economic contexts): The policy of protecting people from perceived harm, which can be a form of paternalism.

Antonyms

• Autonomy: The right or condition of self-government.
• Libertarianism: A political philosophy that prioritizes individual liberty and opposes most forms of paternalistic intervention.

Related Phrases and Concepts

• Benevolent Paternalism: A phrase used to describe paternalistic actions that are well-intentioned and motivated by care, though still potentially overbearing.
• State Paternalism: Refers specifically to governments enacting laws or policies that restrict individual choices for the purported good of the citizens (e.g., banning certain substances, requiring seat belts).

Học thuật

Noun

1. the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good