patina

/'pætinə/

Thân thiện

A green patina covers the surface of the old copper roof.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A fine coating or surface layer that forms on a material, especially due to age or exposure: This is the primary meaning, referring to a thin layer, often of oxide, that develops on the surface of metals like copper or bronze over time.
   • A surface appearance or sheen of something grown beautiful with age or use: This figurative meaning extends to any object that acquires a distinctive, often valued, appearance through long use or weathering, not just metals.

Examples of Usage

• Noun:
  • The ancient bronze statue had developed a beautiful green patina. (This describes the actual chemical layer on the metal.)
  • The old wooden table had a rich patina from years of polishing and use. (This uses the word figuratively for a sheen on wood.)
  • Time had given the city's stone buildings a soft, gray patina.

Advanced Usage

• "To acquire/take on a patina": This phrase describes the process of something developing this characteristic surface.
  • The copper roof will slowly take on a verdigris patina.
• "A patina of respectability": A common figurative idiom meaning a superficial appearance of being respectable.
  • His expensive suit gave him a patina of respectability.

Variants and Related Words

• Patinated (adj): Having a patina.
  • The patinated bronze door was centuries old.
• Patination (n): The process of forming a patina.
  • The patination of the artifact was carefully studied.

Synonyms

• Verdigris: Specifically refers to the green patina on copper or bronze.
• Oxidation layer: A more technical term for the chemical coating.
• Sheen: A gloss or luster, often used in the figurative sense.
• Luster: A gentle sheen or soft glow.

Related Phrases

• "Patina of age": A phrase emphasizing that the quality comes from being old.
  • The manuscript had the unmistakable patina of age.

Related Idioms

• "A patina of sophistication": Used to describe a thin, often superficial, layer of cultured elegance.
  • He spoke with a patina of sophistication, but his knowledge was shallow.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a fine coating of oxide on the surface of a metal