penalise

/'pi:nəlaiz/ Cách viết khác : (penalize) /'pi:nəlaiz/

Thân thiện

The teacher had to penalise the students for being late.

Definition

Verb: 1. To impose a penalty or punishment on someone for breaking a rule or law: This is the core meaning, referring to the act of making someone suffer a disadvantage (like a fine, loss of points, or other sanction) as a consequence of an offense or infringement. 2. To put at a disadvantage; to handicap: In a broader sense, it can mean to cause someone to be unfairly disadvantaged by a particular rule or situation.

Usage and Examples

• The referee decided to penalise the player for a dangerous tackle.
• Companies that pollute the environment should be heavily penalised.
• The new tax law unfairly penalises single parents.
• In some sports, a team is penalised by having to play with fewer players for a short time.

Advanced Usage and Nuances

• "To penalise someone for something": This is the most common construction, specifying both the person/entity being punished and the reason.
  • Example: The teacher penalised the student for plagiarism.
• The concept often implies an official or formal sanction from an authority (like a judge, referee, teacher, or governing body).
• It can be used in both legal/sporting contexts (concrete penalties) and social/economic contexts (abstract disadvantages).

Variants and Related Words

• Penalize: This is the standard spelling, especially in American English. 'Penalise' is common in British English.
• Penalty (noun): The punishment imposed for breaking a rule.
  • Example: The penalty for late submission is a 10% grade reduction.
• Penal (adjective): Relating to or used for punishment.
  • Example: The country's penal system is under review.

Synonyms

• Punish: To make someone suffer for a fault or crime. (More general; 'penalise' often suggests a specific prescribed penalty.)
• Fine: To punish by requiring a payment of money. (A specific type of penalising.)
• Sanction: To impose a penalty on. (Often used in formal or international contexts.)
• Discipline: To train or punish to ensure obedience.

Antonyms

• Reward
• Pardon
• Excuse
• Forgive

Related Phrases and Idioms

• Pay the penalty: To suffer the consequences of one's actions.
  • Example: If you break the rules, you will have to pay the penalty.
• Under penalty of law: A formal warning that breaking a rule will result in legal punishment.
  • Example: Trespassing is forbidden under penalty of law.

Học thuật

Verb

1. impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on
   • The students were penalized for showing up late for class
   • we had to punish the dog for soiling the floor again

Từ đồng nghĩa

• punish
• penalize