perfunctorily

Thân thiện

He signed the document perfunctorily and moved on to the next task.

Definition

Adverb: - In a manner that is performed merely as a routine duty, with little interest, care, or enthusiasm; superficially or hastily.

Usage

The adverb "perfunctorily" describes how an action is carried out. It emphasizes that the action is done only to fulfill an obligation or complete a task, lacking genuine effort, attention, or feeling. It often modifies verbs related to tasks, greetings, or examinations.

Examples

• The manager perfunctorily scanned the report before signing it.
• She listened perfunctorily to the instructions, already knowing what to do.
• He shook hands perfunctorily and quickly moved on to the next guest.

Advanced Usage

• In Formal or Critical Contexts: Used to critique the quality of attention or effort.
  • The inspector examined the premises perfunctorily, missing several critical violations.
• Describing Social Interactions: Often used for greetings or polite gestures that are insincere.
  • Their apologies were offered perfunctorily, without any real remorse.

Variants and Related Words

• Perfunctory (adjective): Done as a matter of routine, without care or interest.
  • He gave a perfunctory nod in agreement.

Synonyms

• Superficially
• Cursorily
• Mechanically
• Routinely
• Hastily (in the context of lacking care)

Antonyms

• Thoroughly
• Attentively
• Carefully
• Meticulously
• Enthusiastically

Học thuật

Adverb

1. in a set manner without serious attention
   • they answered my letter pro forma
   • he kissed her cheek perfunctorily

Từ đồng nghĩa

• as a formality
• pro forma