Definition

1. Adjective:
   • In classical architecture, describing a building, especially a temple, that is surrounded by a single row of columns on all sides.

Usage

• The term is used specifically in architectural history and description to classify the style and layout of ancient Greek and Roman temples and similar structures.
• It describes the relationship between the building's central structure (the or ) and its surrounding colonnade.

Examples

• The Parthenon in Athens is a classic example of a peripteral temple.
• The architect designed a peripteral pavilion, with a colonnade offering shaded walkways on every side.
• In his study of Roman forums, he noted several peripteral structures surrounding the main square.

Advanced Usage

• Peripteral Octastyle: A specific subtype where the temple has eight columns at the front and back, with a single row of columns along the flanks.
  • The Temple of Hephaestus is a well-preserved example of a peripteral octastyle Doric temple.

Variants and Related Words

• Peripteros (n): The noun form, referring to a peripteral building itself.
  • The ruins identified at the site were those of a Doric peripteros.
• Dipteral (adj): Having a double row of columns on all sides.
• Pseudoperipteral (adj): Having engaged columns (columns attached to the wall) instead of a free-standing colonnade, giving the appearance of being peripteral.

Synonyms

• Surrounded by columns: A descriptive phrase with the same meaning.
• Colonnaded: This is a broader, more general term for having columns, but does not specify a single, continuous row on all sides.

Antonyms

• In antis: Having columns only between the projecting side walls (antae) of the porch.
• Prostyle: Having columns only across the front façade.

Adjective

1. having columns on all sides