Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Non-productive: Describes activities, sectors, or labor that do not directly create material goods or add tangible value in the production process of goods. These activities are often in the service, management, or administrative sectors.
   • Non-manufacturing: Specifically refers to parts of an economy or organization not involved in the physical manufacturing or creation of products.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Các ngành dịch vụ thường được xem là ngành phi sản xuất. (Service industries are often considered non-productive sectors.)
  • Công ty cắt giảm chi phí cho bộ phận phi sản xuất. (The company cut costs for the non-manufacturing department.)
  • Lao động phi sản xuất cũng đóng góp quan trọng cho nền kinh tế. (Non-productive labor also contributes importantly to the economy.)

Advanced Usage

• Khu vực phi sản xuất (The non-productive sector): A common economic term referring to all economic activities that do not result in a physical product, such as education, healthcare, finance, and public administration.
  • Khu vực phi sản xuất ngày càng chiếm tỷ trọng lớn trong GDP. (The non-productive sector accounts for an increasingly large share of GDP.)

Variants and Related Words

• Sản xuất (Production): The opposite process of creating goods or services. (e.g., - production line).
• Phi công nghiệp (Non-industrial): Not related to industry. While related, this focuses on the absence of industrial activity rather than the absence of production in a broader economic sense.

Synonyms

• Không sản xuất: A direct synonym meaning "non-producing."
• Dịch vụ (Service): Often used in contrast to "sản xuất" (production), especially in economics (e.g., vs. ).

Related Phrases

• Chi phí phi sản xuất (Non-production costs / Overhead): Costs not directly tied to the manufacturing process, such as administrative, sales, or distribution expenses.
  • Doanh nghiệp cần kiểm soát chặt chi phí phi sản xuất. (Businesses need to tightly control non-production costs.)
• Nhân viên phi sản xuất (Non-production staff / Indirect labor): Employees who do not work directly on creating the product, such as office staff, accountants, or managers.

1. Non-production